{"id":167022,"date":"2026-02-10T11:32:59","date_gmt":"2026-02-10T11:32:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev.creativewalkers.com\/pa\/?page_id=167022"},"modified":"2026-02-22T22:16:57","modified_gmt":"2026-02-22T22:16:57","slug":"prohibition-of-discrimination","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/dev.creativewalkers.com\/pa\/adjudication\/prohibition-of-discrimination\/","title":{"rendered":"Prohibition of discrimination"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row unlock_row_content=&#8221;yes&#8221; row_height_percent=&#8221;0&#8243; override_padding=&#8221;yes&#8221; h_padding=&#8221;7&#8243; top_padding=&#8221;7&#8243; bottom_padding=&#8221;7&#8243; back_image=&#8221;166597&#8243; back_position=&#8221;center center&#8221; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; overlay_color_blend=&#8221;multiply&#8221; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; bottom_divider=&#8221;gradient&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;scroll-trigger&#8221; animation_state=&#8221;end&#8221; animation_origin=&#8221;center&#8221; animation_scale_val=&#8221;100&#8243; animation_opacity=&#8221;0&#8243; animation_x=&#8221;0&#8243; animation_y=&#8221;0&#8243; animation_blur=&#8221;0&#8243; animation_rotate=&#8221;0&#8243; animation_perspective=&#8221;0&#8243; animation_offset_top=&#8221;0&#8243; animation_offset_bottom=&#8221;85&#8243; content_parallax=&#8221;3&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;309354&#8243; back_color_type=&#8221;uncode-solid&#8221; overlay_color_type=&#8221;uncode-solid&#8221; overlay_color_solid=&#8221;#0c4f48&#8243; back_color_solid=&#8221;#0c4f48&#8243;][vc_column column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; position_vertical=&#8221;bottom&#8221; gutter_size=&#8221;4&#8243; style=&#8221;dark&#8221; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;171104&#8243;][vc_row_inner limit_content=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; position_horizontal=&#8221;left&#8221; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; style=&#8221;dark&#8221; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;9\/12&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;311432&#8243;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;h3&#8243; text_font=&#8221;font-161747&#8243; text_size=&#8221;custom&#8221; text_weight=&#8221;300&#8243; text_space=&#8221;fontspace-111509&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;167084&#8243; heading_custom_size=&#8221;clamp(50px,7vw,125px)&#8221;]Adjudication[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_custom_heading text_color=&#8221;color-xsdn&#8221; heading_semantic=&#8221;h6&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;148723&#8243; text_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;]PROHIBITION OF DISCRIMINATION[\/vc_custom_heading][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_visibility=&#8221;yes&#8221; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; mobile_visibility=&#8221;yes&#8221; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;3\/12&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;100417&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row unlock_row_content=&#8221;yes&#8221; row_height_percent=&#8221;0&#8243; override_padding=&#8221;yes&#8221; h_padding=&#8221;2&#8243; top_padding=&#8221;2&#8243; bottom_padding=&#8221;2&#8243; back_color=&#8221;color-xsdn&#8221; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; content_parallax=&#8221;0&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;111866&#8243; back_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_column column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;4&#8243; override_padding=&#8221;yes&#8221; column_padding=&#8221;5&#8243; back_color=&#8221;color-xsdn&#8221; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; radius=&#8221;std&#8221; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;868186&#8243; back_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_accordion no_toggle=&#8221;yes&#8221; gutter_simple=&#8221;0&#8243; active_tab=&#8221;0&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;291747&#8243;][vc_accordion_tab gutter_size=&#8221;2&#8243; column_padding=&#8221;2&#8243; title=&#8221;Grand Chamber Judgments&#8221; tab_id=&#8221;d21d5937-3bb0-215556789140011555679505952d6a2-ca1e&#8221;][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_empty_space empty_h=&#8221;1&#8243;][vc_column_text uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;386985&#8243;]KHAMTOKHU AND AKSENCHIK v. RUSSIA (applications nos. 60367\/08 and 961\/11, judgment of 24 January 2017): indirect discrimination of male offenders aged between 18 and 65, prohibition of life imprisonment for female, elderly and juvenile offenders, the State obligation to \u201clevel up\u201d in case of false positive discrimination based on sex and age.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; position_vertical=&#8221;middle&#8221; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;152120&#8243;][vc_empty_space empty_h=&#8221;1&#8243;][vc_button radius=&#8221;btn-round&#8221; border_width=&#8221;0&#8243; button_color_type=&#8221;uncode-solid&#8221; button_color_solid=&#8221;#0c4f48&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;488158&#8243; link=&#8221;url:https%3A%2F%2Fhudoc.echr.coe.int%2Feng%23%7B%2522itemid%2522%3A%5B%2522001-170663%2522%5D%7D|target:_blank&#8221;]Access Decision[\/vc_button][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_empty_space empty_h=&#8221;1&#8243;][vc_column_text uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;177313&#8243;]BIAO v. DENMARK (application no. 38590\/10, judgment 24 May 2016): indirect discrimination based on length of Danish nationality or on \u201crace\u201d or ethnic origin, family reunification requirements for resident foreigners and Danish nationals of foreign origin living in Denmark.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; position_vertical=&#8221;middle&#8221; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;152120&#8243;][vc_empty_space empty_h=&#8221;1&#8243;][vc_button radius=&#8221;btn-round&#8221; border_width=&#8221;0&#8243; button_color_type=&#8221;uncode-solid&#8221; button_color_solid=&#8221;#0c4f48&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;676965&#8243; link=&#8221;url:https%3A%2F%2Fhudoc.echr.coe.int%2Ffre%23%7B%2522itemid%2522%3A%5B%2522001-163115%2522%5D%7D|target:_blank&#8221;]Access Decision[\/vc_button][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_empty_space empty_h=&#8221;1&#8243;][vc_column_text uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;114868&#8243;]VALLIANATOS AND OTHERS v. GREECE (applications no. 29381\/09 and no. 32684\/09, judgment of 7 November 2013): indirect discrimination of same sex couples based on their sexual orientation, right to enter into a \u201ccivil union\u201d contract only for heterosexual couples, legislative omission, the Court\u2019s power to review in abstract the Convention-compatibility of a law, direct action before the Court without<br \/>\nprior exhaustion of domestic constitutional remedies, principle of subsidiarity.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; position_vertical=&#8221;middle&#8221; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;152120&#8243;][vc_empty_space empty_h=&#8221;1&#8243;][vc_button radius=&#8221;btn-round&#8221; border_width=&#8221;0&#8243; button_color_type=&#8221;uncode-solid&#8221; button_color_solid=&#8221;#0c4f48&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;134463&#8243; link=&#8221;url:https%3A%2F%2Fhudoc.echr.coe.int%2Ffre%23%7B%2522itemid%2522%3A%5B%2522001-128294%2522%5D%7D|target:_blank&#8221;]Access Decision[\/vc_button][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_empty_space empty_h=&#8221;1&#8243;][vc_column_text uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;208063&#8243;]FABRIS v. FRANCE (application no. 16574\/08, judgment of 7 February 2013): direct discrimination of children born out of wedlock in inheritance law, the direct, erga omnes and retroactive effect of the Court&#8217;s judgment, the Court\u2019s power to oversee the execution of its own judgments, the Court\u2019s implicit powers and the balance of power between the Court and the Committee of Ministers[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; position_vertical=&#8221;middle&#8221; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;152120&#8243;][vc_empty_space empty_h=&#8221;1&#8243;][vc_button radius=&#8221;btn-round&#8221; border_width=&#8221;0&#8243; button_color_type=&#8221;uncode-solid&#8221; button_color_solid=&#8221;#0c4f48&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;435376&#8243; link=&#8221;url:https%3A%2F%2Fhudoc.echr.coe.int%2Feng%23%7B%2522itemid%2522%3A%5B%2522001-116716%2522%5D%7D|target:_blank&#8221;]Access Decision[\/vc_button][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_empty_space empty_h=&#8221;1&#8243;][vc_column_text uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;128727&#8243;]KONSTANTIN MARKIN v. RUSSIA (application no. 30078\/06, judgment of 22 March 2012): indirect discrimination of servicemen based on their sex and their professional status, right to parental leave only for servicewomen and women and men outside the military, protection of social rights by the Convention.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; position_vertical=&#8221;middle&#8221; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;152120&#8243;][vc_empty_space empty_h=&#8221;1&#8243;][vc_button radius=&#8221;btn-round&#8221; border_width=&#8221;0&#8243; button_color_type=&#8221;uncode-solid&#8221; button_color_solid=&#8221;#0c4f48&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;133466&#8243; link=&#8221;url:https%3A%2F%2Fhudoc.echr.coe.int%2Feng%23%7B%2522itemid%2522%3A%5B%2522001-100926%2522%5D%7D|target:_blank&#8221;]Access Decision[\/vc_button][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_accordion_tab][vc_accordion_tab gutter_size=&#8221;2&#8243; column_padding=&#8221;2&#8243; title=&#8221;Section II Judgments&#8221; tab_id=&#8221;9346230d-a835-915556789140011555679505952d6a2-ca1e&#8221;][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_empty_space empty_h=&#8221;1&#8243;][vc_column_text uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;798677&#8243;]ALTINAY v. TURKEY (application no. 37222\/04, judgment of 9 July 2013): discrimination of vocational schools\u2019 students in access to the university.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; position_vertical=&#8221;middle&#8221; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;152120&#8243;][vc_empty_space empty_h=&#8221;1&#8243;][vc_button radius=&#8221;btn-round&#8221; border_width=&#8221;0&#8243; button_color_type=&#8221;uncode-solid&#8221; button_color_solid=&#8221;#0c4f48&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;331701&#8243; link=&#8221;url:https%3A%2F%2Fhudoc.echr.coe.int%2Feng%23%7B%2522itemid%2522%3A%5B%2522001-122497%2522%5D%7D|target:_blank&#8221;]Access Decision[\/vc_button][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_empty_space empty_h=&#8221;1&#8243;][vc_column_text uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;161489&#8243;]RAVIV v. AUSTRIA (application no. 26266\/05, judgment of 13 March 2012): discrimination of Holocaust victim in entitlement to a social pension.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; position_vertical=&#8221;middle&#8221; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;152120&#8243;][vc_empty_space empty_h=&#8221;1&#8243;][vc_button radius=&#8221;btn-round&#8221; border_width=&#8221;0&#8243; button_color_type=&#8221;uncode-solid&#8221; button_color_solid=&#8221;#0c4f48&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;109568&#8243; link=&#8221;url:https%3A%2F%2Fhudoc.echr.coe.int%2Feng%3Fi%3D001-109552|target:_blank&#8221;]Access Decision[\/vc_button][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_accordion_tab][\/vc_accordion][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row unlock_row_content=&#8221;yes&#8221; row_height_percent=&#8221;0&#8243; override_padding=&#8221;yes&#8221; h_padding=&#8221;7&#8243; top_padding=&#8221;7&#8243; bottom_padding=&#8221;7&#8243; back_image=&#8221;166597&#8243; back_position=&#8221;center center&#8221; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; overlay_color_blend=&#8221;multiply&#8221; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; bottom_divider=&#8221;gradient&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;scroll-trigger&#8221; animation_state=&#8221;end&#8221; animation_origin=&#8221;center&#8221; [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":166607,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-167022","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dev.creativewalkers.com\/pa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/167022","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dev.creativewalkers.com\/pa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dev.creativewalkers.com\/pa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dev.creativewalkers.com\/pa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dev.creativewalkers.com\/pa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=167022"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/dev.creativewalkers.com\/pa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/167022\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":167173,"href":"https:\/\/dev.creativewalkers.com\/pa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/167022\/revisions\/167173"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dev.creativewalkers.com\/pa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/166607"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dev.creativewalkers.com\/pa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=167022"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}